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seismic communication
Seismic communication, sometimes called vibrational communication, describes the conveying of information through seismic vibrations of the substrate. The substrate may be the earth, a plant stem or leaf, the surface of a body of water, a spider’s web, a honeycomb, or any of the myriad types of soil substrates. Seismic cues are generally conveyed by Rayleigh waves generated through vibrations on the substrate, or acoustical waves that couple with the substrate. Vibrational communication is an ancient sensory modality and it is widespread in the animal kingdom where it has evolved several times independently. It has been reported in mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects, arachnids, crustaceans and nematode worms.〔Hill, P.S.M., (2008). ''Vibrational Communication in Animals.'' Harvard, Cambridge, London〕 Vibrations and other communication channels are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but can be used in multi-modal communication.
== Functions ==
Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although neither the sender or receiver need be present or aware of the others intent to communicate at the time of communication.
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